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In Africa, some of the most alarming attacks on human rights protections stem from strongmen who, refusing to transfer power peacefully, curb criticism through violence and legislation. A disconcerting number of African leaders have removed or extended term limits-the-so-called constitutional coup while others have launched violent crackdowns to suppress opposition and public protests over flawed or unfair elections. This backdrop of strongmen refusing to relinquish power occasionally intersects with concern over potential prosecution for crimes committed while in office. (Human Rights watch, World report, 2017)